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[85] Together with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), the Army Ballistic Missile Agency built Explorer 1, and launched it on 31 January 1958. [84] Privately, however, the CIA and President Eisenhower were aware of progress being made by the Soviets on Sputnik from secret spy plane imagery. Russia's Radio Sputnik Lands In Washington On HD2-Translator Simulcast. [55], The power supply, with a mass of 51kg (112lb), was in the shape of an octagonal nut with the radio transmitter in its hole. Radio Sputnik is trying tobe true toits motto: "Telling the untold," covering topics that are often blacklisted bymainstream publications. After about 5 minutes, it was unmistakably I couldn't find any sources that countered the assertion that the carriers were fixed and not (intentionally) modulated within the craft other than the sub-second transmitting/not transmitting periods. The downlink telemetry included data on temperatures inside and on the surface of the sphere. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? [16], On 29 July 1955, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower announced through his press secretary that, during the International Geophysical Year (IGY), the United States would launch an artificial satellite. After about 5 minutes, it was unmistakably clear that the wandering was the moving Sputnik's Doppler shift, which we were by then recording with precise frequency just a pure tone that at first appeared to wander in frequency by a [60] At shutdown, the 7.5-tonne core stage (with PS-1 attached) had attained an altitude of 223km (139mi) above sea level, a velocity of 7,780m/s (25,500ft/s), and a velocity vector inclination to the local horizon of 0 degrees 24 minutes. [65], On the first orbit the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) transmitted: "As result of great, intense work of scientific institutes and design bureaus the first artificial Earth satellite has been built". What is the Russian word for the color "teal"? Did the drapes in old theatres actually say "ASBESTOS" on them? Access to the chat has been blocked for violating the. This thread was moved back manually because it received a valid answer. ga("send", "event", { A screen with the logo of the Sputnik international news agency and radio, https://cdn1.img.sputnikglobe.com/img/103835/09/1038350983_172:0:2903:2048_1920x0_80_0_0_d285f804faf46466e3aa69f3d771b509.jpg.webp, People for Bernie Sanders Boots Sputnik Radio Host From EU Panel. Wikipedia's Sputnik 1 and this answer to Why did Sputnik 1 have four antennas? In it have been placed two radio transmitters, continually emitting radio signals at frequencies of 20.005 and 40.002 megahertz Powerful transmitters insure good reception of radio signals to a wide circle of ham operators. NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details Per wikipedia, the duration of the "on" signal could be modified by temperature and pressure information. [2], At 19.9 seconds after engine cut-off, PS-1 separated from the second stage[2] and the satellite's transmitter was activated. [38] Located back in Moscow (at Bolshevo), NII-4 was a scientific research arm of the Ministry of Defence that was dedicated to missile development. Two American physicists, William Guier and George Weiffenbach, at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) decided to monitor Sputnik's radio transmissions[114] and within hours realized that, because of the Doppler effect, they could pinpoint where the satellite was along its orbit. What scientific and technological advances were prompted directly by Sputnik 1? All rights reserved. Sputnik signal. Use MathJax to format equations. The Russian word for satellite, sputnik, was coined in the 18th century by combining the prefix s- ('together') and putnik ('traveler'), thereby meaning 'fellow traveler', a meaning corresponding to the Latin root satelles ('guard, attendant or companion'), which is the origin of English satellite. While Sputnik itself had been highly polished, its small size made it barely visible to the naked eye. I've updated my answer to point out where it is definitely false, but not deleted it since I imagine it might be of interest from a theoretical perspective. [99], The U.S. soon had a number of successful satellites, including Explorer 1, Project SCORE, and Courier 1B. For other uses, see, Launch vehicle preparation and launch site selection. "eventLabel": "radiofeeds"}); A description of [the city] as it is today should contain all [the city's] past. A google search returned a lot of hits, but nothing leading to a schematic diagram. Ljoha, let me know if there is something interesting. "eventCategory": "Listen", After reviewing information publicly available before the launch, the science writer Willy Ley wrote in 1958: If somebody tells me that he has the rockets to shootwhich we know from other sources, anywayand tells me what he will shoot, how he will shoot it, and in general says virtually everything except for the precise datewell, what should I feel like if I'm surprised when the man shoots? [19], On 30 January 1956 the Council of Ministers approved practical work on an artificial Earth-orbiting satellite. In the case of China, all of them shown below are relays. Sputnik (radio station) - Wikipedia [109], The launch of Sputnik 1 led to the resurgence of the suffix -nik in the English language. Use MathJax to format equations. [38][63] The Tral telemetry system on the R-7 core stage continued to transmit and was detected on its second orbit. GPS History - GPS Tracking Satellite History Deployable reflective panels were placed on the booster in order to increase its visibility for tracking. Radio "eventCategory": "Listen", Reception lasted for 2 minutes, until PS-1 fell below the horizon. [31] Actual work on the construction of the site began on 20 July by military building units. Video unavailable This video is not available in your country Watch on The satellite traveled at a peak speed of about 8km/s (18,000mph), taking 96.20 minutes to complete each orbit. Thanks for your speedy answer! Signals on the first frequency were transmitted in 0.3 s pulses (near f = 3Hz) (under normal temperature and pressure conditions on board), with pauses of the same duration filled by pulses on the second frequency. Authenticated by the Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics in Moscow, the unit was auctioned in 2001 and purchased by an anonymous private buyer, who donated it to the museum. (40,002) ; (20,005), F 19571958 (15), , F (10), . While a few have varying pitch, they don't appear to repeat (and not over 4 beeps). Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Did the Golden Gate Bridge 'flatten' under the weight of 300,000 people in 1987? "eventLabel": "tunein"}); Radio Sputnik - Live Online Radio [118], In 1959, the Soviet Union donated a replica of Sputnik to the United Nations. Did Sputnik 1 tell us more than "beep"? The model name of [79] However, when the USSR launched Sputnik 2, containing the dog Laika, the media narrative returned to one of anti-Communism and many people sent protests to the Soviet embassy and the RSPCA. The historic beep of Sputnik - one of the iconic sounds of space [70] Asserting that the launch "did not come as a surprise", the White House refused to comment on any military aspects. [116][123], The Sputnik 1 EMC/EMI is a class of full-scale laboratory models of the satellite. Wilson, C. (n.d.). The launch of the fifth R-7 rocket (8K71 No.9), on 7 September,[34] was also successful, but the dummy was also destroyed on atmospheric re-entry,[36] and hence needed a redesign to completely fulfill its military purpose. [14], On 17 December 1954, chief Soviet rocket scientist Sergei Korolev proposed a developmental plan for an artificial satellite to the Minister of the Defense Industry, Dimitri Ustinov. Why did Sputnik-1 transmit on both 20 and 40 MHz? [Wikipedia]. Four radio antennas trailed behind. "eventAction": "909 - Radio Sputnik", WebStevensOnln1: Much sought-after DAB digital radio capacity has become available in London following changes on the London II multiplex. ], Signals on the first frequency were transmitted in 0.3 s pulses with pauses of the same duration filled by pulses on the second frequency. [57] Sputnik 1 was filled with dry nitrogen, pressurized to 1.3atm (130kPa). The satellite's unanticipated success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, part of the Cold War. [93] Eisenhower had suffered the Soviet protests and shoot-downs of Project Genetrix (Moby Dick) balloons[94] and was concerned about the probability of a U-2 being shot down. The beep, beep sound of the satellite can be heard each time it rounds the globe.. SPUTNIK 1 Transmitter The Americans took a more aggressive stance in the emerging space race,[86] resulting in an emphasis on science and technological research, and reforms in many areas from the military to education systems. [42], PS-1 was not designed to be controlled; it could only be observed. Sputnik then orbited silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere and burning up upon re-entry. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. The Director of the APL gave them access to their UNIVAC computer to do the then heavy calculations required. WebSputnik or MDR Sputnik is a youth-oriented German radio station, and is part of Leipzig -based public broadcaster MDR, based in Halle. SPUTNIK 1 Transmitter | Radiomuseum Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? This group has reissued last year the original report of 1958 (click on the image to follow the link to the Spacecorp press release website): Here is another view of the Sputnik electronic package (eak ). [50] The satellite was a 585-millimetre (23.0in) diameter sphere, assembled from two hemispheres that were hermetically sealed with O-rings and connected by 36 bolts. What were the most popular text editors for MS-DOS in the 1980s? Harrison Storms, the North American designer who was responsible for the X-15 rocket plane, and went on to head the effort to design the Apollo command and service module and Saturn V launch vehicle's second stage, was moved by the launch of Sputnik to think of space as being the next step for America. Many countries are better heard in non-English broadcasts. Now, Radio Sputnik is expanding tothe AM airwaves aswell, inthe form ofWZHF at1390 AM. Since July 2017, 105.5 FM inWashington, DC, and some ofNorthern Virginia, has been the home ofRadio Sputnik. Listen to Asia and Australia in the morning and listen to Europe at night. Russia's Radio Sputnik Adds Second Washington, DC Signal Via WZHF-A. Many of the strongest signals from strictly religious broadcasters in the US and elsewhere are not shown. If we suppose that 40 MHz is not chosen for reception reasons, then the obvious reason to choose 40 MHz is that it is the second harmonic of 20 MHz. [48] The booster rocket was located and tracked by the British using the Lovell Telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, the only telescope in the world able to do so by radar. I was able to read it with Google-Translate. How to listen to Radio Sputnik Why did Sputnik-1 transmit on both 20 and 40 MHz? WebThe development of Sputniks radio transmitter package was fraught with uncertainty. WebListen to Radio Sputnik online. Did it use multiple tones? [107], Sputnik also inspired a generation of engineers and scientists. [48] Canada's Newbrook Observatory was the first facility in North America to photograph Sputnik 1. window.open("http://lsn.to/"+url,"radiofeeds","status=1");}lsn.to/SPU TuneIn. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. He had been forewarned of the R-7's capabilities by information derived from U-2 spy plane overflight photos, as well as signals and telemetry intercepts. [13], -1, romanized as Sputnik-Odin (pronounced[sputnk.din]), means 'Satellite-One'. How about saving the world? [24], Fearing the U.S. would launch a satellite before the USSR, OKB-1 suggested the creation and launch of a satellite in AprilMay 1957, before the IGY began in July 1957. 2310, 2325, 2485, 4835, 4910, 5025, 5995, 6020, 6080, 7240, 9475, 9560, 9580, 9590, 9660, 9710, 11650, 11880, 12080, 13630, 13670, 15160, 15230, 15240, 15515, 17715, 17750, 17775, 17785, 17795, 21725, 7400, 9400, 9500, 9700, 11700, 11900, 15700, 5960, 5990, 6005, 6020, 6040, 6080, 6115, 6190, 7285, 9570, 9580, 9690, 9730, 9785, 9790, 9870, 11885, 11900, 11970, 13675, 13740, 15230, 15240, 6000, 6060, 6180, 6300, 9505, 9550, 11760, 5930, 6200, 7345, 7385, 9400, 9430, 9435, 9890, 9955, 11600, 13580, 15710, 5920, 7315, 9720, 9765, 9805, 9865, 11615, 11725, 13680, 11995, 15160, 15275, 15605, 21620, 5905, 6140, 6180, 7225, 7240, 7280, 7285, 9565, 9735, 9755, 11690, 12045, 15275, 7410, 9425, 9445, 9690, 9705, 9910, 9950, 11620, 11645, 11715, 11935, 13605, 13710, 15020, 15075, 15155, 15235, 17510, 17670, 17800, 17895, 6010, 6120, 6250, 7160, 7320, 7330, 9855, 11695, 15460, 17660, 6280, 6985, 7545, 9345, 15640, 15760, 17535, 17600, 5965, 6010, 6035, 6090, 6120, 7170, 9760, 11800, 5975, 6110, 6120, 6145, 7230, 9505, 9535, 9875, 11690, 11695, 11715, 11730, 11740, 11935, 11970, 13650, 15195, 15355, 17685, 17810, 17825, 17845, 17870, 21610, 21670, 3560, 4405, 6185, 6285, 7570, 9325, 9335, 9345, 9730, 9850, 9975, 9990, 11535, 11545, 11710, 11735, 12015, 13650, 13760, 15100, 15180, 7275, 9560, 9570, 9640, 9650, 9770, 15575, 6020, 6040, 6165, 7120, 9345, 9795, 9895, 11655, 11675, 12065, 12080, 15315, 15525, 15595, 17725, 17810, 3935, 5950, 9765, 9870, 11725, 13840, 15720, 17675, 6055, 6115, 6150, 7105, 7145, 7180, 9515, 9610, 9640, 9690, 9755, 11895, 15105, 15135, 17745, 6240, 7150, 7250, 7350, 9840, 12010, 12030, 13665, 15425, 3345, 7240, 7390, 9685, 15235, 15255, 17770, 5950, 7130, 7445, 9355, 9680, 9785, 11550, 11850, 1995, 15215, 15465, 5890, 9535, 9680, 9725, 9805, 9810, 13770, 5960, 6020, 6055, 7240, 9525, 11735, 12035, 5875, 5975, 6005, 6040, 6130, 6195, 7130, 7160, 7320, 9410, 9480, 9660, 9740, 9750, 11675, 11750, 11765, 11920, 12095, 15105, 15285, 15360, 15400, 15575, 17640, 17830, 17885, 21470, 4319-USB, 5446.5-USB, 5765-USB, 6350-USB, 7811.5-USB, 10320-USB, 12133.5-USB, 12759-USB, 13362-USB, 4930, 4960, 5960, 6080, 6105, 6110, 7125, 7175, 7205, 7405, 9645, 9760, 9785, 9885, 11655, 11885, 11890, 11975, 12015, 12150, 13600, 13640, 13710, 13735, 13755, 15150, 15185, 15205, 15290, 15445, 15580, 17640, 17715, 17730, 17895, 5810, 5850, 7560, 7570, 9450, 9955, 9975, 15785, 17595, 4005, 5885, 6185, 7250, 7305, 7360, 7365, 9310, 9610, 9635, 9645, 9660, 9755, 11625, 11740, 11850, 13765, 15595. Called the Command-Measurement Complex, it consisted of the coordination center in NII-4 and seven distant stations situated along the line of the satellite's ground track. Aerodynamic drag caused it to fall back into the atmosphere on 4 January 1958. It was a first magnitude object following behind the satellite and visible at night. But this does not mean harmonics are not applicable; under the theory that the second harmonic was being used to generate the 40 MHz signal, it is reasonably plausible that when the transmitter switched between the 20 MHz and 40 MHz conditions, secondary effects (changes in loading of circuits, etc) caused a slight frequency shift; or, if the oscillator is modulated, it's merely error or a free choice in the designed tuning, and the requirement is only that the second frequency be approximately a multiple of the first. [70] The USAF Cambridge Research Center collaborated with Bendix-Friez, Westinghouse Broadcasting, and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory to obtain a video of Sputnik's rocket body crossing the pre-dawn sky of Baltimore, broadcast on 12 October by WBZ-TV in Boston. These included measuring the density of the atmosphere and its ion composition, the solar wind, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays. [28] At the time, the R-7 was known to NATO sources as the T-3 or M-104,[29] and Type A. The rod-element Russian tubes allways have the anode connection at the top. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. What came as a surprise was that it was the Soviet Union that launched the first satellite. Sputnik I's launch took the world by storm. The simplest solution was an unmodulated carrier without different tones, Keying the transmitter saved power in the period between two beeps. how to make precision frequency measurements. [5] It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. These signals were detected at the IP-1 station by Junior Engineer-Lieutenant V.G. The 'beep, beep' sound of the satellite can be heard each time it rounds the globe. [40] The satellite had a barometric switch, activated if the pressure inside the satellite fell below 130 kPa, which would have indicated failure of the pressure vessel or puncture by a meteor, and would have changed the duration of radio signal impulse. By John Draper March 21, 2022. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. You can listen to live online radio from Radio Sputnik for free. Jon Gaunt Presenter [7][8] The word sputnik is Russian for traveller when interpreted in an astronomical context;[9] its other meanings are spouse or traveling companion.[10][11]. Many of the frequencies are relayed from elsewhere. Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The model name of the transmitter was D-200. WebIt is low enough CPU Frequency at 496.580 Mhz. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? [38][44] Stations were equipped with radar, optical instruments, and communications systems. The electronic equipment aboard the first Russian satellites were built by SRI-885 (now "JSC Russian Space Systems"). I suspect that your second video is just a repeated loop of four particular tones. I did some web searching but did not find any descriptions of Sputnik 1 that provided good evidence for or against the below theory about its construction. What is Wario dropping at the end of Super Mario Land 2 and why? [62] Telemetry indicated that the strap-ons separated 116 seconds into the flight and the core stage engine shut down 295.4 seconds into the flight. Sputnik weighed 185 pounds (84 kilograms). Bear-illiant. This is a quick-reference list of frequencies from each country which carry some English and which may be heard in North America. Sputnik 1 The model name of the transmitter was D-200. I also played guitar with Ebow through these same effects for the drone and other sounds with the exception of the shortwave transmission sample. WebThe instruments and electric power sources were housed in a sealed capsule and included transmitters operated at 20.005 and 40.002 MHz (about 15 and 7.5 m in wavelength), the emissions taking place in alternating groups of 0.3 s in duration. The historic beep of Sputnik The frequency of the VHF (ultra-short wave) signal (40.002 MHz) is on the edge [i.e. P.S. Shortwave radio uses frequencies that carry over long distances and are accessible on portable sets. Why didn't early satellites have a way to recharge? [35] The unsuccessful launch of the third R-7 rocket (8K71 No.7) took place on 12 July. This led them and APL to develop the TRANSIT system,[115] a forerunner of modern Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. On 27 August, the TASS issued a statement on the successful launch of a long-distance multistage ICBM. The 99 watt/189m translator broadcasts from Bethesda MD and covers Washington and its adjacent suburbs. A carrier signal only would not be particularly audible to an AM radio listener, was it modulated with an audible tone, or was a beet frequency oscillator (BFO) required to make the signals audible and get a good fix on the Doppler shift versus time? Initial data at the launch site would be collected at six separate observatories and telegraphed to NII-4. [75], The USSR's launch of Sputnik 1 spurred the United States to create the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA, later DARPA) in February 1958 to regain a technological lead. The city, however, does not tell its past, but contains it like the lines of a hand, written in the corners of the streets, the gratings of the windows, the banisters of the steps, the antennae of the lightning rods, the poles of the bags, every segment marked in turn with scratches, indentations, scrolls.". Better need 10 times more to think about getting the Injection or not. Can I general this code to draw a regular polyhedron? [50], The control system of the Sputnik rocket was adjusted to an intended orbit of 223 by 1,450km (139 by 901mi), with an orbital period of 101.5 minutes. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Radio Sputnik does beam its signal on the same frequency as KOJH, he said, but outside the limited geographic area awarded to the Mutual Musicians The source also describes distances at which the signal was recieved: Satellite signals were firmly received using conventional amateur radio equipment at a distance of up to 2-3 thousand kilometers; [some] cases of extra long [-range] reception at distances up to 10 thousand km were recorded. There were 375kg (827lb) of LOX remaining at cutoff. Some stations only air a few minutes of English; or only in ID announcements (Mexico); or only language lessons (Ecuador). Click a button below to listen now in your browser. [41] Compared to the military R-7 test vehicles, the mass of 8K71PS was reduced from 280 t to 272 t, its length with PS-1 was 29.167 metres (95ft 8.3in) and the thrust at liftoff was 3.90MN (880,000lbf). However, public reaction to the Sputnik crisis spurred America to action in the Space Race, leading to the creation of both the Advanced Research Projects Agency (renamed the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, in 1972),[100] and NASA (through the National Aeronautics and Space Act),[101] as well as increased U.S. government spending on scientific research and education through the National Defense Education Act. Students working in the university's FM station, WKCR, made a tape of this, and were the first to rebroadcast the Sputnik signal to the American public (or whoever could receive the FM station). Was it a steady beep-beep-beep or was there a sequence of different tones? The signals were arranged to be in opposite phases: when first one beeps, the other is silent, then first one silent, the other beeps, and so on. the frequency of the signal being transmitted by Sputnik was higher as the satellite approached and lower as it continued away from them. Russia to Broadcast State-Run Sputnik Radio on Banned Liberal English version of Russian proverb "The hedgehogs got pricked, cried, but continued to eat the cactus". [38] The fairing separated from both Sputnik and the spent R-7 second stage at the same time as the satellite was ejected. [110][111] The American writer Herb Caen was inspired to coin the term "beatnik" in an article about the Beat Generation in the San Francisco Chronicle on 2 April 1958. @LeoS Thanks for the information. Looking for job perks? Don't assume any particular frequency is actually coming directly from the originating country. [112], The flag of the Russian city of Kaluga, (which, due to it being Konstantin Tsiolkovsky's birthplace, is very dedicated to space and space travel) features a small Sputnik in the canton.[113]. we were by then recording with precise frequency and time information. The Soviets provided details of Sputnik 1 before the launch, but few outside the Soviet Union noticed. it was built as more than just a model. rev2023.4.21.43403. R-7 test launches demonstrated that the tracking cameras were only good up to an altitude of 200km (120mi), but radar could track it for almost 500km (310mi). One resides just outside Moscow in the corporate museum of Energia, the modern descendant of Korolev's design bureau, where it is on display by appointment only. What came as a surprise was that it was the Soviet Union that launched the first satellite. Space Exploration Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for spacecraft operators, scientists, engineers, and enthusiasts. "'Russia Wins Space Race': The British Press and the Sputnik Moment, 1957". Data from stations were transmitted by telegraphs into NII-4 where ballistics specialists calculated orbital parameters. "Sputnik: a Mixed Legacy". Counting and finding real solutions of an equation, Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. [66] The R-7 core stage, with a mass of 7.5 tonnes and a length of 26 metres, also reached Earth orbit. Sputnik then orbited silently for two more months before falling back into the atmosphere and burning up upon re-entry. [34] Three attempts to launch the second rocket (8K71 No.6) were made on 1011 June, but an assembly defect prevented launch. The removal of Radio Sputnik at the end of last week and a small reduction in bitrate for Chris Country at the beginning of the month has created space for up to three new DAB+ stations or one stereo 'original Did Sputnik 1 tell us more than "beep"? Now, they have even less ofan excuse not toat least listen. These tubes have a special configuration of the electrodes that made them extremely resistant to strong acceleration and vibration, therefore suitable to be installed on rockets and missiles. Adding EV Charger (100A) in secondary panel (100A) fed off main (200A), Using an Ohm Meter to test for bonding of a subpanel. [55] If the temperature exceeded 50C (122F) or fell below 0C (32F), another control thermal switch was activated, changing the duration of the radio signal pulses. For the first three days, both signals were beeping -- that is the carrier was alternately switched on and off. [57] Tests of the satellite were conducted at OKB-1 under the leadership of Oleg G. "[72] The first recording of Sputnik 1's signal was made by RCA engineers near Riverhead, Long Island. [16] Work on the satellite was to be divided among institutions as follows:[22], Preliminary design work was completed in July 1956 and the scientific tasks to be carried out by the satellite were defined. Unfortunately I can't read Russian and the PDF has only bad OCR data so I can't get it machine translated easily can you or someone confirm if they were. Radio Sputnik is growing: you can now listen to Radio Sputnik tell the untold on both AM and FM radio in the Washington, DC, area. Callsign 8S1Ch Known as Pip 5473 / 3828 Possibly Rostov na Donu: 72th communications center or Southern District comunications cemter. Walker. On 15 February 1957 the Council of Ministers of the USSR approved this simple satellite, designated 'Object PS'. One of the museum photos of the transmitter Icame across on the web at, http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-100307a.html (scroll down to the bottom of the page). Before work was completed, however, the Soviet Union launched a second satellite, Sputnik 2, on 3 November 1957. Does anyone know if the schematic diagrams for the Sputnik 1 transmitter ever were released to the public.