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It reformed the religion to a great extent. The Bhakti movement started in the South in response to the conquest of northern India by Muslim rulers. Bhakti movement (video) | Early Hinduism | Khan Academy I suffer. ADVERTISEMENTS: 4. Fortunately with the foreign invaders, some Sufi Muslim saints had also come to India and settled here. Prohibited Content 3. The saints of Bhakti movement gave three means or margas for attaining salvation, which they referred as moksha. Although, theBhakti saintsplayed a vital role in the revolution of medieval India. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Muslim ideas of surrender to God may have influenced Hindu ideas of bhakti from the start, and later poet-saints such as Kabir (14401518) introduced Sufi (mystical) elements from Islam. 6. [note 1][117], Guru Nanak, the first Sikh Guru and the founder of Sikhism, was a Bhakti saint. Uploader Agreement. According to them there was no distinction and consideration of high and low on the basis of birth. Formalities or external rituals were of no avail to realize God. Unity of God or one God though known by different names. The Sanskrit word bhakti is derived from the root bhaj, which means "divide, share, partake, participate, to belong to". Many of those poems continue to be recited and sung, often at all-night celebrations. Although, his lessons greatly impacted the Indian society that still enchanted Kabir Chaura Varanasi. Bhakti movement preached against the caste system using the local languages so that the message reached the masses. The Hindu saints of India were influenced by the liberal approach of Sufism. Sufism, however, gained prominence in the 10th and 11th centuries during the reign of the Delhi Sultanate. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. Privacy Policy 9. And it's believed to have come out of South India in the seventh century. Unity of God or one God though known by different names. 2. [89] Yet given the "mountains of Nirguni bhakti literature", adds Lorenzen, bhakti for Nirguna Brahman has been a part of the reality of the Hindu tradition along with the bhakti for Saguna Brahman. A confident mindset for deciding about religious matters. The most important social impact of the Bhakti movement was that the followers of the Bhakti movement rejected the caste distinction. This religion had its own individual characteristics like universal brotherhood, equality of all in the society, absence of any caste system or untouchability, opposition to idol worship and above all, practice of monotheism or oneness of God. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [15][16] The word also means "attachment, devotion to, fondness for, homage, faith or love, worship, piety to something as a spiritual, religious principle or means of salvation". Further, the movement was carried forward by twelve Alwar saints and sixty three Nayanar saints of the South. The medieval period witnessed many revivalist movements in Hinduism under different sages and saints. Image Guidelines 4. According to the Bhagavadgita, a Hindu religious text, the path of bhakti, or bhakti-marga, is superior to the two other religious approaches, the path of knowledge (jnana) and the path of ritual and good works (karma). Sufism found adherents among both Muslims and Hindus. Content Filtration 6. The Bhakti Movement is characterized by the following characteristics: unity of God or one God, despite the fact that he is recognized by several names. Though the movement originated in the South, very soon North India came under its spell. [141], Scholars increasingly are dropping, states Karen Pechilis, the old premises and the language of "radical otherness, monotheism and reform of orthodoxy" for Bhakti movement. They, therefore, felt the urgent necessity of making the dormant Hinduism more active and a living force among the common masses. The saints and reformers through Bhakti movement reduced the rigours of caste-system and through paved the way for their retention in the fold of Hinduism. The Bhakti religion was a vast movement engulfed the whole Indian subcontinent for several centuries. They want some solace to repair their broken hearts, The most significant social influence of the Bhakti movement was that its adherents disregarded the caste system, They started mixing on the premise of equality. An objection to blind faith, ceremonies, norms and rituals. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Nirguna Bhakti adherents rejected idol worship. Self-Surrender. Bhakti arose in South India in the 7th to 10th centuries in poems that the Alvars and the Nayanars composed in Tamil to the gods Vishnu and Shiva, respectively. [82] Several 11th and 12th century writers developed different philosophies within the Vedanta school of Hinduism, which were influential to the Bhakti tradition in medieval India. Self-Surrender. Such as Gods oneness, deep love and devotion as the sole means to redemption, self-surrender, formal condemnation, rejection of idol worship, open-mindedness, etc. The Sufi saints of the Muslims also emphasized devotion to Allah (God). Scholars writing on bhakti in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were agreed that bhakti in India was preeminently a monotheistic reform movement. [89] These were two alternate ways of imagining God during the bhakti movement. Explain the essential aspects of the Bhakti Movement in the main body. MAIN FEATURES OF BHAKTI MOVEMENT. Bhakti, devotion, and Love are the sole essence of salvation. The movement tried to loosen the bond of caste. Henceforth, importance was given to devotion and love for God who is the God of all-God of both Hindus as well as Muslims. But in due course of time both these religions lost much of their vitality due to the tolerant and liberal outlook of Hinduism. Rejection of idol worship by many saints 7. In the ancient period Hinduism had to face challenges from new religions like Buddhism and Jainism. They brought necessaryprinciples of the Bhakti movementthat could convince many to urge on the path of devotion, love and tenacity. [91][92], Poet-saints grew in popularity, and literature on devotional songs in regional languages became profuse. The Supreme Bramhan is most merciful. It emphasized earning of wealth through hard work and honest means. [1], The movement started with the Shaiva Nayanars[44] and the Vaishnava Alvars, who lived between 5th and 9th century CE. Anybody, irrespective of caste, colour and creed, could reach Him and realize Him through the simple method of selfless devotion. But the inner significance of the word Bhaja is to adore or to love with honour. Shankaracharya was the first person and scholar who introduced the Bhakti Movement in India. [139][140], John Guy states that the evidence of Hindu temples and Chinese inscriptions from the 8th century CE about Tamil merchants, presents Bhakti motifs in Chinese trading towns, particularly the Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou). 2. Please read the description below to learn about their work and contribution. Following are theprinciples of the Bhakti movementyou need to know. Repetition of the True Name. bringing about reforms in Hinduism and developing harmonious relations between the Hindus and the Muslims. It gave a new dimension, a sense of harmony and a spirit of liberalism to religious belief of the people. The high philosophy of the Vedas and Upanishads were very complicated for the common people. The notion of Bhakti originated with Hinduism and is related to complete devotion to God. 2. A person was free to choose his ways and means to worship a god. what message has the dark-hued lord The Sufi Saints like Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti, Bakhyiya Kaki, Nizamudin Aulia and Nasiruddin Chirag-i-Delhi etc. In Gods sight, everyone is comparable. An important factor which led to the popularity of Bhakti movement was that most of the promoters of this movement attempted to reconcile the differences between the Hindus and the Muslims by stressing that Rama and Rahim were one and the same. Bhakti movement advocated the need of a preceptor or guru who would guide the devotee to this ultimate goal. Account Disable 12. Many, but not all, bhakti movements were open to people of both genders and all castes. Rejection of idol worship by many saints Open- mindedness about deciding religious matters. ; Bhakti movement was based on the doctrine that the relationship between god and man is through love and worship rather than through performing any ritual or religious ceremonies. Nirguna Bhakti adherents rejected idol worship. 9. It is not the way of worship but the love of a selfless devotee of pure heart that matters for Whoever offers to me with devotion, a leaf, a flower, a fruit, or water I accept (IX, 26). The status of women received more importance. They wanted a simple way of worship, simple religious practices and simple social customs. They took their meals together from the common kitchen. It gave a new dimension to the ancient beliefs and values, which heralded a major change in the existing social conditions. Answer: Following are the main features of Bhakti: This was the result of people's struggle to free the religion from control of the priests. Their efforts helped in the promotion of Bhakti poems, songs and mantras. It also helped to harmonise the conflicting interests. With supreme devotion to the Almighty one could realize Him. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. In the devotional literature the word is used to mean unquestionable faith and utter devotion to God. Put differently, Bhakti movement was a reply to Islams monotheism and egalitarianism by way of a new interpretation of Hinduism. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith. [108], The Guru Granth Sahib, the scripture of the Sikhs, contains the hymns of the Sikh gurus, thirteen Hindu bhagats, and two Muslim bhagats. Hinduism, therefore, tried to defend itself by purging off some of its evil practices particularly those related to regions of caste and image worship. Thus, Hinduism needed purification. On the other hand the Muslims also appreciated that the Hindus were in absolute majority and it was impossible to force all of them to embrace Islam. [118] He taught, states Jon Mayled, that the most important form of worship is Bhakti. [2] Originating in Tamilakam during 6th century CE,[3][4][5][6] it gained prominence through the poems and teachings of the Vaishnava Alvars and Shaiva Nayanars before spreading northwards. The feeling of appreciation of the difference between the thought and practices of the two religions emerged. They were based on Bhakti which was the outcome of the feeling of escapism which dominated the Hindu mind as a result of the conquest of its sacred places in Islam.. Bhakti movement swept over India in the east and north since the 15th century. In Gods sight, everyone is comparable. 3. [84], The Bhakti movement of Hinduism saw two ways of imaging the nature of the divine (Brahman) Nirguna and Saguna. The movement which emphasized primarily these ideas was the Bhakti movementdevotion to God. There were two broad Sufi orders: Bashara - Those who obeyed Islamic laws. Their doors were open to all classes. Get answers to the most common queries related to the UPSC Examination Preparation. So the next alternative was Bhakti margaa simple way of devotion to get salvation from worldly life. Bhakti movement that originally began in South India in the 9th century with Shankaracharya spread over all parts of India and by the 16th century was a great spiritual force to reckon with, especially after the great wave made by Kabir, Nanak and Shri Chaitanya. In India, Sufism adopted many native Indian concepts such as yogic postures, music and dance. The main objective was to unite efforts through cross-sectoral coordination among various ministries and programmes, with the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) serving as the nodal agency. Account Disable 12. [47] Early Tamil-Siva bhakti poets influenced Hindu texts that came to be revered all over India. Devotion to the goddesses is more regional and local, expressed in temples and in festivals devoted to Durga, Kali, Shitala (goddess of smallpox), Lakshmi (goddess of good fortune), and many others. Bhakti to God was accepted as salvation MAIN FEATURES OF BHAKTI 1. The thirteen Hindu bhagats whose hymns were entered into the text, were poet saints of the Bhakti movement, and included Namdev, Pipa, Ravidas, Beni, Bhikhan, Dhanna, Jayadeva, Parmanand, Sadhana, Sain, Surdas, Trilochan, while the two Muslim bhagats were Kabir and Sufi saint Farid. The Bhakti movement arose in part due to the Muslim invasion and governance. The fire of desire has invaded my body After searching so many lands, [20], Ancient Indian texts, dated to be from the 1st millennium BCE, such as the Shvetashvatara Upanishad, the Katha Upanishad, and the Bhagavad Gita mention Bhakti.[21]. A Short Note On Women In The Bhakti Movement By Unacademy Giving up their mutual suspicion, hatred and rivalry a new bond of unity and fraternity began to emerge. 3. image source: images.cdn.bigcartel.com/bigcartel/product_images/122440308/max_h-1000%2Bmax_w-1000/bm_Tcover.jpg. Because such knowledge might be obtained through a teacher or guru, the Bhakti movement placed a high value on obtaining authentic knowledge through a guru. In South India passionate, often erotic, poems to Shiva and Vishnu (particularly to Krishna) were composed in Tamil and other Dravidian languages, such as Kannada, Telugu, and Malayalam. Therefore, one should constantly chant the Hare Krishna Mahamantra, - Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare. Some people would call it a reform of Hinduism that up until that point focused on the somewhat arcane rituals of the Vedas. Condemnation of rituals, ceremonies and blind faith. Bhakti, intense love and devotion, the only way to salvation. Salient Features of Bhakti Movement 1. [74] Brajavali is to an extent, a combination of medieval Maithili and Assamese. 7. It promoted the need of providing social services to the underprivileged and needy. image source: bhaktiwomen.org/sites/default/files/field/image/asta-gopis_0.jpg. Any object could be used as a symbol of the god. He used to believe in the idea of One God and honesty. This website uses cookies and third party services. Bhakti Movement: Causes, Hindu Society and Features, Effects of Bhakti Movement on India | Medieval Period, Sufism: Meaning, Origin and Main Features of Sufism, Forts in India: 5 Magnificent Ancient Forts in India, Mosques in India: 15 Ancient Mosques in India. Nanaks teachings emancipated his followers to break the social shackles and caste system of Indian society. Earlier, in the post-Vedic era, some gods and goddesses became famous among the worshippers, and since then, they started chanting the names of Shiva, Vishnu and Durga. Unity of God or one God though known by different names. The movement which emphasized primarily these ideas was the Bhakti movementdevotion to God. [19] Karen Pechelis states that the word Bhakti should not be understood as uncritical emotion, but as committed engagement. Therefore, popular dissatisfaction against the existing social religious evils was a major catalyst behind the spread of Bhakti movement all over India for a long period of time.