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S 43,572, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files. It is also entirely possible that Freeman felt that mentioning an injury would help his case for a pension, or someone encouraged him to embellish his story. Index card abstracts of accounts, muster and pay rolls, descriptive lists and accounts, etc. Part one of this story follows Conant's paper trail and examines how it aligns with Fortune Freeman's own testimony. Was there hope for financial independence following the war? The Battle of Monmouth Second Continental Light Dragoons More than 200 miles from his enlistment site in Boston, he may have chosen to start afresh in a new location. He had served in Greenes third line of defense with the 2nd Maryland Regiment. WebThe Battle of Brandywine was the largest single day engagement of the American Revolution where nearly 30,000 soldiers (not including civilians, teamsters, servants, and Contributed by Anjelica Oswald, Digital Public History Intern. battle NARA M804, page 4, via Fold3.com. APPENDIX 1 5 for the period Nov. 1779 through Feb. 1780 with the notation, Discharged Jan[uary] 19, 1780. 30 An integrated military force representing the colonies was not exclusive to Washingtons main army. in American History and also has a B.A. Where did he come from? It is possible that Fortune Conant, a young man who enlisted either enslaved or perhaps recently freed, later changed his name. Was he enslaved by the family? Colonel Company Peekskill, Muster/payrolls, and various papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. Muster Old, destitute, and with little else to rely upon, Freeman sought financial assistance from the country he served for nearly six long years. A Return of officers of the Third Regiment of Light Dragoons with the dates of their Provisions, though never abundant in the early months of the encampment, were available. [32] Through August and September, Freeman is described as "on command," meaning he likely traveled on small missions or duties outside of camp. Many recent European arrivals sought fortune and honor by enlisting in the regiments of the states they now called home. 2011-05-16T09:36:31-04:00 Was Danforth's promotion to captain and participation in the war a motivating factor in Conant's enlistment? In addition to the bonds not maturing, the Continental currency continued to devalue over the course of the war. Within two months, however, Washington reversed this decision, and despite many attempts to block Blacks from serving their country, hundreds of Blacks enlisted nonetheless. Monmouth Battle This is attested to by an anonymous observer who recounted his visit to Valley Forge in the New Jersey Gazette on December 25: I have just returned from spending a few days with the army. Fortune Freeman, Pension No. Fortune Conant, a member of Thomas Nixon's Regiment, would have been at Saratoga, not Brandywine. wG xR^[ochg`>b$*~ :Eb~,m,-,Y*6X[F=3Y~d tizf6~`{v.Ng#{}}jc1X6fm;'_9 r:8q:O:8uJqnv=MmR 4 Hundreds of Indians enlisted in the Continental Army and many others, engaged as scouts in specialized units. 38.277 0 Td Join us online July 24-26! Payment records indicate payment through September 1824, but they end with no explanation. Paintings courtesy of Don Troiani,www.historicalimagebank.com. [9] Freeman is described as "seventy-one" in his 1818 pension but is "about sixty-five" in his 1820 record, but Hingham enlistment records describe him as 21 in 1781. [5] John P. Resch. Rolls One of the most notable contributions came from the Oneida, who sent aid and a contingent of warriors to Valley Forge. While his wartime declarations remained the same, he provided additional personal information in his restatement per the requirements and described his dire circumstances. By November, Freeman transferred from his command post back to Haskell's company. In choosing a site for quarters, Washington had to balance the Continental Congresss wish for some type of winter campaign aimed at dislodging the British from the capital against the needs of his weary and poorly supplied army. p. 736 pgs. Connecticut In The Revolution In February 1781, the unit merged with the 2nd Rhode Island. nQt}MA0alSx k&^>0|>_',G! Washington wrote to fellow Continental general Philip Schuyler that The Oneidas and Tuscaroras have a particular claim to attention and kindness, for their perseverance and fidelity. These warriors arrived atValley Forge on May 15, 1778. On June 28, at the Battle of Monmouth, N.J., Washingtons men demonstrated their improved battle prowess when they forced the British from the field. The 38th served under various colonels' names until designated the 38th Regiment of Foot in 1751. National Archives Six men are recorded as married and seven as single. uuid:97fc00cf-7f9f-47ec-8fe1-3e396fafbf5d It is likely that Freeman decided to stay in New York after his discharge. Royal Army - under the command of the Earl of The largest conglomeration of tribes, the Iroquois Confederacy, split along regional lines. [31] Muster/payrolls, and various papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. Perhaps the most important outcome of the encampment was the armys maturation into a more professional force. 50, Image 664, via FamilySearch.org. Battle By February 1822, nearly 12,000 veterans were back onabout 20,000 veterans took the pauper's oath and submitted to the means test; and all but 2,000 got the benefit." Download the official NPS app before your next visit, https://blogs.brandeis.edu/revolutions/2013/12/10/the-many-lives-of-fortune-freeman/, https://revolutionarywar.us/continental-army/massachusetts/, https://www.loc.gov/collections/george-washington-papers/articles-and-essays/timeline/the-american-revolution/, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-03961, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-05812, https://www.socnh.org/alexander-scammell/, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/99-01-02-07314, https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6129qv4. [3] The most common killers were influenza, typhus, typhoid, and dysentery. When troubles threatened with the Colonies, the 38th was one of the first corps despatched from Ireland to America. [29] Bounty note, no. 2021 Valley Forge Legacy Muster Roll Project. For Washington to split his army and keep half in New York and half on the march, he had to assemble units quickly that could march with speed. The Valley Forge Park Alliance maintains the Muster Roll Project and helps to inspire appreciation of and support for Valley Forge National Historical Park. During the 1781 campaign against British General Lord Charles Cornwallis, there are five Black veteran pension records showing service under the Marquis de Lafayette in the Virginia Battalion commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Gaskin. The Forgotten Patriots of the Tom's Creek Hundred S 43,572, Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files. After the war, many Blacksgave their pensions and enlistment bounties to their former masters as a payment for their freedom. Mary Stockwell, Ph.D. Notes: 1. WebThe fighting see-sawed back and forth under the brutal June sun for several hours. NARA M804, page 13, via Fold3.com. During the Battle of Brandywine, Washington attempted to prevent the British army from taking Philadelphia, the patriot capital. A unique historical record compiled from the rolls made by the Hanoverian army of the Duke of Cumberland after the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Manuscript Group 282, Holmes Family (Middletown, NJ) Whether Freeman misremembered his experiences or stated an additional battle to gain his pension, it is significant that he chose to state his presence at both battles. The 38th was stationed at Fort Washington and Long Island during the war and was involved in the following conflicts: Muster Books and Pay Lists 12-5171-5172 Shelf List.pdf. The British soon tested the Continental Armys newfound discipline at the Battle of Monmouth, which took place in central New Jersey on June 28, 1778. Washington rapidly set troops in motion to bring on a general engagement with the enemy. Officers and men alike were badly supplied and unpaid. A lack of records is not unusual for revolutionary soldiers, particularly soldiers of color, but Freeman's claims are illustrative of the experiences many soldiers of color experienced during the American Revolution. NARA M881, page 5, via Fold3.com. 50, Image 668, via FamilySearch.org. War of 1812 Service Records, 1812-1815 NARA M804, pages 4 and 9, via Fold3.com. [Muster rolls, etc., 1743-1787] by Montgomery, Thomas Lynch, 1862- Publication date 1906 Topics Pennsylvania. ( )Tj The Continental Army lost the battle and retreated, leaving Philadelphia in English hands, though most of Washington's troops survived. Muster Rolls & other Records of Service of Maryland Troops in the American Revolution 1775-1783 ((HTML)) (Reprint ed. WebUnder Dearborn the 3rd regiment was at the Battle of Monmouth, where some of its most soldierly men participated. Queen's American Rangers - Brandwares [26], Following the muster roll trail leads Conant to Bedford, New York. John P. Resch. There is no pension file relating to Frederick because he was not married and did not have any minor children or aged parents dependant upon him for support. Army returns reveal that two-thirds of the nearly 2,000 men who perished died during the warmer months of March, April, and May, when supplies were more abundant. Just four days later, on May 19, 1778, Oneida Native Americans, joined with Daniel Morgans Virginia riflemen to spearhead the first movement of Washingtons army from Valley Forge. manuscript copy of a declaration of the Deputies of the Shrewsbury Association as submitted to the County Committee for Monmouth, May 15, 1775; muster rolls, court martial records, and other military documents from the Revolution and Early National period; Monmouth County sheriffs records, 1787-1831, retained by Daniel U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Freeman may have moved to Hingham to try and start a new life as maritime towns had generally more job opportunities than farming towns. Medieval and early modern soldiers The American Revolution is marked with a varying cast of diverse soldiers who fought for their independence. Their attack pushed the Americans out of the crossing. By June, Freeman arrived in West Point, New York and appeared on muster rolls for Haskell's company. American attack at the Battle of Monmouth on 28th June 1778 in the American Revolutionary War. WebBattles of the American Revolution Series: Volume V. At Monmouth Courthouse in east-central New Jersey, General Washington's Continental Army came of age. [12] Though no definitive connection could be found between this William and Fortune, it does put the Conant family in the region at the time when Fortune joined the war. If he served as part of Nixon's regiment, it is much more likely that he fought in Saratoga. Muster Rolls Transportation problems made large-scale winter operations infeasible. When he returned to Massachusetts, he may have been able to finally claim freedom for himself. NARA M853, page 64, via Fold3.com. WebPension Rolls and Correspondence (1790-1846) RG 1800.066 Revolutionary War Records (3 boxes) Box 1 Revolutionary War Records, Accounts, 1776-1807 (23 folders) Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Seeking Fortune: The Revolutionary Path(s) of Fortune Freeman [18] Fortune Freeman, Pension No. in the service of the United States Commanded by William Shepard for the Month of May 1781, Muster/payrolls, and various papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. Was he born into slavery? But when Cornwallis marched his army toward the Chesapeake Bay, Washington saw an opportunity to strike. Phill Greenwalt is co-founder of Emerging Revolutionary War and is also a full-time contributor to Emerging Civil War. battle_of_monmouth | hisXmark Later muster rolls state that Fortune Conant officially enlisted in the Continental Army a few weeks later on June 4, 1777. [6] Congress estimated wrong. At the time of his application, Freeman showed his dire need for financial help. x- [ 0}y)7ta>jT7@t`q2&6ZL?_yxg)zLU*uSkSeO4?c. R -25 S>Vd`rn~Y&+`;A4 A9 =-tl`;~p Gp| [`L` "AYA+Cb(R, *T2B- Yet, they were present at every engagement and shivered through every winter. battle_of_monmouth | hisXmark Aaron Burr. In 1779 the 3rd Regiment was assigned to the Sullivan Expedition, and saw heated action at the Battle of Newtown, again evidenced by the toll shown in their muster rolls. [2] Freeman did not have a unique experience as a veteran in poverty. [10] Field and staff rolls 1775-1780, Muster/Payrolls and Various Papers (1763-1808) of the Revolutionary War, Vol. Organized between May 1-20, 1775, to consist of 10 companies from Litchfield and Hartford Counties. These included the companies of: Captain Daniel Smiths Company Robert Doacks Company of Militia Men in Michael Woods Muster District Men in Thomas Burks Muster District Garrisons at Elk Garden Fort Garrisons at the Glade Hollow Fort Frederick Odell Conant, A history and genealogy of the Conant family in England and America, thirteen generations, 1520-1887: containing also some genealogical notes on the Connet, Connett and Connit families (Portland, ME: 1887), 557. The Black private joined thousands of other veterans in a post-war exodus from their home states. 1459. Arriving to the court with merely the clothes on his back, Freeman provided few details about his personal life in his statement. The original records are located in The National Archives, Public Record Office, Kew. African American Patriots at the Siege of Ninety Six The final event Freeman explicitly mentioned in his pension application is the capture of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis and his army, after the Siege of Yorktown, which lasted three weeks. From free and enslaved Blacks, to Native Americans, native born colonists, to foreign recruits, Washington's integrated army was a diverse and unique fighting force for a longand grueling eight-year war. Dunmore made several more attempts to gain a stronghold on the colony but in [13] Fortune Conant is listed as joining Elijah Danforth's company the same company Fortune Freeman remembered joining over 40 years later when he applied for his pension in New York City. John Cadwalader. Lafayette later recalled, in regards to Washingtons service at Monmouth that, "I thought then as now I had never beheld so superb a man." Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. [19] Nixon's men comprised part of the main body of Gates' men during the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm and continued the campaign through the next month. "[42] Was Freeman previously married, and if so, did his wife die? [27] Fortune Conant, Compiled Service Records of Soldiers Who Served in the American Army During the Revolutionary War.