70 percent of pakistan inbred

Upcoming. 112, no. [8] reported that hybrid rice had higher productivity after heading but translocation of assimilates was inefficient (source use efficiency). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the pattusalis of Tirupati, South India. These cookies do not store any personal information. That means dry matter accumulation in the studied hybrid varieties before heading was highly thermosensitivity. Although the table is originally ranked by district population size, clicking the headers will allow the reader to sort the table. 4849, 2001. Hum. WebFinally, it was found that the size of the studies conducted in the Gulf countries and Pakistan on this phenomenon, described in Table 4, is a powerful and descriptive indication of the importance and seriousness of inbreeding and the consequent spread of genetic diseases . Cheng et al. The more common variety, involving first cousins, was purposefully excluded (many countries legally allow and culturally accept these less extreme cases, and their health impacts have thus already been well documented). Dramatic social changes have led to urbanisation and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. 5155, 2002. 8288, 1997 (Chinese). [4] The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367[5] and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. According to The Daily Mail, extrapolating the teams findings to the U.K. population as a whole would suggest that an estimated 13,200 U.K. citizens are the result of extreme inbreeding. Grain yield ranged from 4.44 to 7.42tha1 for BRRI hybrid2, 4.37 to 8.03tha1 for Heera2, and 4.57 to 6.16tha1 for inbred BRRI dhan45 for all planting dates in both the years. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, placing planting dates in the main-plots and varieties in the subplots. 4, pp. According to the BBC, a muslim family in the UK is up to 13 times more likely to have a child with recessive genetic disorders, and account for a third of all children with genetic birth defects. 17, no. 16271635, 2007. Rakshani is the major dialect group in terms of numbers. J,Hum. [repost] According to a study 70% of Pakistan population is Even among Pakistanis, Mirpur is considered uncivilized. The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. This measures the likelihood that any two persons with common ancestors have received the same genes from them and if mated, pass these to their offsprings. The MICS surveys above also provide data on the district level, although they come with a far higher margin of error. At 23 days after flowering, Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 showed significantly higher photosynthetic rate than BRRI dhan45, but the studied hybrid and inbred varieties exhibited decreasing trend of photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf at 9, 16, and 23 days after flowering in all planting dates. T. L. Jeng, T. H. Tseng, C. S. Wang, C. L. Chen, and J. M. Sung, Yield and grain uniformity in contrasting rice genotypes suitable for different growth environments, Field Crops Research, vol. This situation was aggravated by the rising temperature in delayed plantings. The United Nations estimated that in February 2021, only 42% of births in Pakistan were officially registered, making it the world's most populous country where more than half of births remained unregistered. Results suggest that greater remobilization of shoot reserves to the grain rendered higher yield of hybrid rice varieties. Pakistan. [4][5][6] This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan. Other factors such as outliers and founders will PNAS WebThe 2019 population density in Pakistan is 281 people per Km 2 (728 people per mi 2), calculated on a total land area of 770,880 Km2 (297,638 sq. At the same time in its phonology it is radically different[80] (particularly in the lack of tones, the preservation of the voiced aspirates and the development of implosive consonants), and has important grammatical features in common with the Sindhi language spoken to the south. [87], Other languages spoken by linguistic minorities include the languages listed below, with speakers ranging from a few hundred to tens of thousands. J. M. Yan, H. Q. Zhai, R. X. Zhang, D. M. Jiao, B. S. Chen, and H. S. Zhan, Study on characteristics of photosynthesis and assimilates transportation in heavy ear hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.), Acta Agronomica Sinica, vol. The full list can be found on the main article: List of cities in Pakistan by population. Inbreeding is common in the southeast region and more rural states, such as Eastern Kentucky. Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populated country.[7]. 34, no. Hum.Hered., 1989;39:271-5. WebIn Pakistan, where there has been cousin marriage for generations and the current rate may exceed 50%, one study estimated infant mortality at 12.7 percent for married double first cousins, 7.9 percent for first cousins, 9.2 percent for first cousins once removed/double second cousins, 6.9 percent for second cousins, and 5.1 percent among The extent to which our estimate reflects the true prevalence of [extreme inbreeding] in the entire UK population is a difficult question, said Yengo. Joe Rogan podcast. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Consanguineous marriage in Pakistan was reported to be higher than 60% of the population in 2014. It is clear from this study that the consanguineous couples are a population at high genetic risk. 7, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Bangladesh, 6th edition, 2008, Booklet No. In our series, this fact could not be proved. Kulkarni14 in his study found malformations of major body systems to be significantly more common amongst consanguineous couples, whereas malformations of eye, ear and skin did not show any gross effects of consanguinity. [75] It entered the New Indo-Aryan stage around the 10th century CE. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify this controversy on hybrid rice varieties. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. J. Pediatr. DA 816. J. J. Tang, H. Chen, and S. Katsuyoshi, Varietial differences in photosynthetic characters and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics parameters among intergeneric progeny drive from Oryza x Sorghum, its parents and hybrid rice, Journal of Zhejiang University of Science B, vol. answer a questionnaire which included, among other variables, parents relationship to each other (whether first cousins (n=3 125), flrstcousins once removed (n=200), second cousins (n=330), second cousins once removed (n=50) and the couples who were related but the exact relationship could not be established distant relatives (n=115)). In captive breeding facilities these two individuals are often related, making inbreeding common. Genet., 1990;27:348-52. 29, no. Children born with disorders and lower IQs did nothing to deserve such a fate, nor did the victims of a schizophrenic terrorist. 2-3, pp. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. For a general overview of the citizens of Pakistan, see. The postanthesis decline in leaf area at specially the ripening stage was higher in the hybrid compared to the inbred [17]. 265268, 1997. Muslims suffer insanity, low IQ, recessive disorders from 1400 Occasional papers, second series, No.4, London, Galton Institute, 1992. 2. Filled grain percentage of inbred BRRI dhan45 was more or less stable at different planting dates. To avoid the adverse effect of higher temperature, the hybrid varieties should be transplanted at the onset of the dry season. Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan. Flag leaves from the main tiller of five representative plants of each plot were used to measure photosynthetic rate with a portable photosynthesis analyzer (Model: LI-6400, Li-COR Inc. USA) at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after flowering under clear sunshine from 11.00 am to 12.30 pm when photosynthetically active radiation at the top of the canopy ranged from 1300 to 1400molm2s1. [86][d], Brahui () is a Dravidian language spoken in the central part of Balochistan province. The prevalence of such marriages is dictated, to a large extent, by culture, religion, tradition and civil laws3. However, the hybrids and inbred varieties exhibited statistically identical yield in late planting. 57, no. There was no significant difference among the tested hybrid and inbred varieties with respect to flag leaf photosynthetic rates at different days after flowering except at 23 days after flowering. World Bank. 14. 33, no. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[b] and Brahui. At first sampling, hills were selected from the third rows and the next two rows or three hills were left for subsequent sampling to minimize the border effect. It further added 17% to 38% of the consanguineous marriages in Pakistan are between first cousins. WebPercentage Distribution of Population by Broad Age Group and Sex Pakistan Demographic Survey (PDS), 2020 is the twentieth round of a series of surveys, initiated in 1984. RT @RoroniggaZolo: 70% of British Pakistanis are from Mirpur, a highly inbred and backwards area of Pakistan. on: function(evt, cb) { Studied hybrid rice varieties showed slightly higher photosynthetic rate in flag leaf at 23 days after flowering. [14], Surveys taken by the Pakistani government or intergovernmental organisations are seen as the most reliable method of keeping tabs on birth, death, fertility, and infant mortality rates in a country without a reliable vital registration system. In Turkey, consanguinity has been shown to be directly related to the education of women18 whereas in our series, no such effects were noted and consanguinity was as common in uneducated population as in the educated. 271, Brisbane, Australia, SeptemberOctober 2004. [76][77], Saraiki () is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group, spoken in central and southeastern Pakistan, primarily in the southern part of the province of Punjab. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . For rising average daily temperature 1C from 29C, shoot reserve remobilization to the grain decreased at the rate of ca. Properties of the top soil (015cm.) [28] reported that the more dry matter in the vegetative organ at heading contributes little to the grain due to poor transportation and remobilization of stored assimilates and these account for poor grain filling rather than source limitation in super- and intersubspecific hybrids. 70% of Pakistanis are inbred. Also, we're not racists. JPMA - Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association [68], Pashto () is an Iranian language spoken as a first language by more than 18% of Pakistanis, mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and in northern Balochistan as well as in ethnic Pashtun communities in the cities of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, and most notably Karachi,[69][70][71][72] which may have the largest Pashtun population of any city in the world.[73]. The second-largest group of foreign-born residents consists of refugees from Afghanistan who are expected to leave Pakistan by the end of 2018. As a consequence, yield of hybrid varieties decreased rapidly compared to the inbred under delayed planting. This margin of error is lessened for larger districts from where larger sample sizes were utilised. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country. The Heera2 (HS-273) is the most popular indica hybrid rice variety, imported from China and occupied about 70% of total hybrid rice cultivated area in Bangladesh. 13211329, 1987. 3, pp. The area, production and yield of rice for the last 4 years are depicted in Fig. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Loc Yengo and the University of Queensland team looked at the homozygosity of each individuals genetic information. Use Ask Statista Research Service, COVID-19 deaths worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country and territory, COVID-19 cases worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country or territory, Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases, recoveries, and deaths worldwide as of Mar. 10. In the chart below, the latest fertility rate data for each Pakistani district with a population of over 2 million as of the 2017 census can be found. The maximum value of LAI gradually decreased in hybrid and inbred varieties with delayed transplanting due to reduction of vegetative phase. S. D. Reo, Flag leaf a selection criterion for exploiting potential yields in rice, Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. [41] reported that hybrid rice contains higher amounts of chlorophyll in their leaves. [53]; Yang et al. Webinbred (Table 1), half of which had inbreeding greater than 6.25%.The average inbreeding coefficient was 3.7%. All the fertilizers were applied as basal except urea which was applied as top dressing in 3 equal installments at 15 days after transplanting (DAT), tillering stage (30 DAT), and panicle initiation stage (45 DAT). Postheading photosynthetic dry matter accumulation panicle1 in both the hybrids exhibited higher degree of thermosensitivity. In the UK, an increasing percentage of infant deaths or serious medical issues are caused by 50+ generations of first cousin marriages and inbreeding in the muslim world, placing an increasing strain on the NHS. Its true that many people in the region have committed incest. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. [8]; and Wu et al. However, relatively high temperature impaired slow rate of remobilization and transportation of assimilates ultimately causes rapid reduction of the percentage of filled grain in the hybrids compared to the inbred variety. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Genetics of consanguinity and inbreeding in health Non-Western immigrants are 300% more likely to fail the intelligence test for entrance into the Danish Army. Balrajan, R. and Botting, B. Perinatal mortality in England and Wales: Variation by mothers country ofbirth (1982-1985). Australian researchers from the University of Queensland led by Loc Yengo found 125 cases of extreme inbreeding when they looked at the data of 456,414 people ages 40-69 who voluntarily submitted their genetic information between 2006 and 2010. There are a lot of birth defects. 2. D. A. Choudhury, H. Hamid, G. U. Miah, and M. M. Haque, Phenology, growth and yield ability of modern and old rice cultivars of different maturity groups, Bangladesh Agronomy Journal, vol. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Vertical bars represent standard error (, Source-sink relation and postheading crop growth rate of hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseasons, 2008-200. [20]. 2,261. Despite the religious and legal sanctions imposed by certain societies, consanguineous marriages still prevail in certain social groups which have varied attitudes toward them withall their associated prejudices and problems. About 9.1% animals were result of matings where mates had full-sib or more strong relationship. As Pakistan lacks a national vital statistics system that publicly disseminates data, all of the following information is made from estimates, which are constantly being revised. 110118, 2008. Slow senescence and stronger photosynthetic capability of flag leaf, higher LAI at grain filling period, and higher postheading-CGR are the prerequisites for higher yield in hybrid rice [2528]. Both hybrid varieties outyielded the inbred. Med. Higher yield of Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 was attributed to the greater number of spikelets panicle1 along with larger and heavier grain size. Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan The latter ratio was garnered through police reports of incest offenses, arguably making that number less reliable (and likely lower than the truth). The frequency of consanguineous marriage among British Pakistanis, J. Accessed May 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/383207/fertility-rate-in-pakistan/, World Bank. Nearly all Pakistani Sunni Muslims belong to the Hanafi school, although there are some Hanbalis and Ahl-e-Hadees. London, Pelican books, 1966. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. The majority of Shia Muslims belong to the Ithn'Ashariyyah branch,[92] while a smaller number practice Ismailism. 15. They are prohibited in certain parts of the world (e.g., North America) because of religious sanctions. In addition to finding such a high number of cases of extreme inbreeding, the researchers found that such cases had a wide range of negative health impacts on people in terms of physical, mental, and reproductive issues. and Winter, R.M. He holds dual bachelor's degrees from Pace University and a master's degree from New York University. In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. However, the studied hybrids were more vulnerable to rising temperature in respect to assimilate translocation to grain than that of the inbred variety. J. C. Yang, Q. S. Zhu, Z. Q. Wang, and Y. Relationship between the shoot reserve translocation percentage and average daily temperature from flowering to maturity. 12. Higher chlorophyll content in the flag leaves and its slow reduction toward maturity delayed senescence of the hybrid rice varieties (Table 4). Pakistan's Human Development Index (HDI) value for 2018 is in the medium human development category with a score of 0.560 (152nd rank out of 189 countries and territories) compared to 0.614 (135th rank) for Bangladesh and 0.647 (129th rank) for India. In certain Indian communities, uncle-niece relationship is the commonest13, where as, preference is given to first cousin marriages in Pakistan (82% in our series) and Saudi Arabia14. Days to heading decreased gradually with delayed planting and the magnitude of reduction was almost similar in the hybrid and inbred varieties. M.A. This shows the poor performance of Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 for the delayed planting dates. [45][46][47] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others. [78], Saraiki is the language of about 26 million people in Pakistan, ranging across southern Punjab, southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and border regions of northern Sindh and eastern Balochistan.[81]. 61, no. When researchers began building the U.K. Biobank for genetic data in 2006, they set out to study the relationship between peoples DNA and their likelihood of developing certain diseases. window.mc4wp.listeners.push( It reveals that translocation of dry matter from shoot to grain was relatively inefficient for hybrids in delayed planting. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. 25, pp. Health Trends, 1 989;2 1:79-84. J. Med. inbreeding Weighted mean (Mw) concerning percentage frequency and mean co-efficient of inbreeding have been utilised for wider comparisons. 99, no. In early plantings (20 December and 5 January), studied rice varieties took longer in the vegetative phase. Consanguinity is a characteristic feature of kinship systems in many societies in the developing world, particularly Islamic countries where consanguineous unions account for 2555% of total marriages (Bittles, Reference Bittles, Speicher, Antonarakis and Motulsky 2010).Consanguineous unions remain socially and culturally The countries of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan have high rates of incest. inbreeding Inbred BRRI dhan45 exhibited higher ratio of grain dry matter accumulated from current photosynthetic assimilation to leaf area (average from heading to maturity) compared to both hybrids. and Kurian, M Consanguinity and its effect on fetal groMh and development: A South Indian study. This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populated country.. This group is dwindling because of its age. Fluctuation in flag leaf chlorophyll content was small among the different planting dates. [52] reported that pollen sterility gradually increased above 33C. These results suggested that modern inbred BRRI dhan45 was efficient in source utilization at the grain filling stage under higher temperature. Of all the children with malformations, 83% (1530 out of 1835) were the product of consanguineous marriages with a ratio of 5:1 between related and unrelated parents as compared to 2.6:1 in the comparison group which had no malformations in their children with a p=0.00008, Pearsons Chi squarevalue of 15.66 and a contingency coefficient of 0.12417, making this association highly significant. 6, pp. When they were bought into UK they were not educated nor assimilated. 42, no. On the other hand, the northwestern province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the territory of Gilgit-Baltistan both share very low urbanisation rates of 16.5%. Considering the prevalence of malformations with the types of relationship of parents, the inter-marriage with first cousins alone, was highly significant (p=<0.01) (JPMA 47:75,1997). Poor grain filling is the cause of poor grain yield in hybrids [8, 10, 23]. 5.1. [36]: Therefore, 2020 marks the lowest fertility rate during the observed period. on The Devastating Effect Of Muslim Inbreeding, Copyright 2017 2021 | AltNewsMedia Ltd. AltNewsMedia uses cookies to improve your experience. 3, pp. An enquiry into history of exposure to any factor known to cause congenital malformations was also made and families with such ahistoty were excluded from the study. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. The BRRI hybrid dhan2 is a popular indica hybrid rice variety developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in 2008. just after removal of leaves to avoid rolling and shrinkage and transformed into leaf area index (LAI) according to Yoshida [32]. M. S. Islam, M. S. U. Bhuiya, S. Rahman, and M. M. Hussain, Evaluation of SPAD and LCc based nitrogen management in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 19, pp. Consanguineous marriages in Chicago region. The numberofmalfonnedchildrenin related and unrelated parents were noted and subjected to various comparative methods of analysis. From 1990 to 2018, Pakistan's HDI increased 38.6% from 0.404 to 0.560. These are some maps of religious minority groups. This fact alone was a good enough indication that the parents of malformed children were more closely related. Thereafter, the reduction of LAI is greater in inbred than that of hybrids (Figure 1). Results and Discussion Chaliyan 70 6 0 0 0 0 6 8.6 0.0054 Cheruman 75 5 0 000 5 6.7 0.0042 The language is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. N1 7GU, Copyright 2017 2021 | AltNewsMedia Ltd | All rights reserved. Int. 1, pp. 19. Sennels states that research reveals inbred children lose 10-16 points from their IQ, and the chance of having an IQ of less than 70 (the official demarcation for being classified as retarded) increases by an astonishing 400% for the child of first cousin marriage. The high incidence of consanguinity in our series was due to social custom, the practice of arranged marriages within the families and unawareness of the public about the adverse genetic effects of such practice. miles). [22]. R. K. Dutta, M. A. Basir-Mia, and S. Khanum, Plant architecture and growth characteristics of fine grain and aromatic rice and their relation with grain yield, International Rice Commission Newsletter, vol. WebNikolai Sennels estimates that close to half of all Muslims in the world today are inbred. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main food crop of more than one-half of the worlds population and grows worldwide. 170177, 2007. With low death rates and a declining birth rate, the country is in the third stage of its Demographic transition.